The Interaction of Cardiorespiratory Fitness With Obesity and the Obesity Paradox in Cardiovascular Disease

Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases
Ahmet Afşin OktayHector O Ventura

Abstract

Overweight and obesity are well-established risk factors for most cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including coronary heart disease (CHD), heart failure (HF), and atrial fibrillation. Despite the strong link between excess adiposity and risk of CVD, growing evidence has demonstrated an obesity paradox in patients with CVD. This phenomenon is characterized by a better prognosis in overweight and mildly obese CVD patients than their leaner counterparts. Moreover, the worst outcomes are often incurred by underweight CVD patients, followed by those of normal weight or severely obese. The obesity paradox is now a well-established phenomenon across different types of CVD, and it occurs regardless of age and ethnicity of patients, and severity of CVD. Physical inactivity and low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) have long been recognized as major risk factors for CVD. In contrast, high levels of physical activity (PA) and CRF largely neutralize the adverse effects of excess adiposity and other traditional CVD risk factors, including hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and type-2 diabetes. Higher CRF also results in better CVD outcomes across different BMI groups and significantly alters the obesity paradox in patients with HF and CHD. Progn...Continue Reading

Citations

Mar 28, 2018·Journal of the American Heart Association·Nóra SydóThomas G Allison
Nov 18, 2018·Clinical Cardiology·Elizabeth ThomasTamara B Horwich
Aug 26, 2017·European Heart Journal. Quality of Care & Clinical Outcomes·Carl J LavieRichard V Milani
Aug 14, 2019·European Journal of Preventive Cardiology·Katharina LechnerJohannes Scherr
Jan 23, 2018·Obesity Reviews : an Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity·V E Bianchi, V Locatelli
Nov 13, 2019·European Journal of Preventive Cardiology·Francesco ZaccardiThomas Yates
Nov 21, 2019·Journal of Women's Health·Carl J LavieCemal Ozemek
Jun 2, 2020·Journal of the American Heart Association·Sheldon E LitwinSteven C Hunt
Aug 15, 2020·The Journal of School Health·Rena C MoonJulie Gazmararian
Sep 2, 2020·Current Obesity Reports·Andrew ElagiziSteven N Blair
Nov 22, 2018·International Journal of Obesity : Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity·Xiaolin XuMark Jones
Jul 7, 2018·Coronary Artery Disease·Carl J LavieAndrew Elagizi
Apr 7, 2019·Clinical Research in Cardiology : Official Journal of the German Cardiac Society·Lu WangChang-Sheng Ma
Aug 30, 2018·Nature Reviews. Endocrinology·Carl J Lavie, Francisco B Ortega
Dec 19, 2019·Obesity Reviews : an Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity·Xiao LiuKui Hong
Dec 18, 2020·Military Medicine·Delphine QuertierBruno De La Villéon
Apr 2, 2018·Progress in Preventive Medicine·Francisco B OrtegaXuemei Sui
Dec 19, 2020·Frontiers in Nutrition·Paul T MorganLeigh Breen
Feb 5, 2021·BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine·Jane Salier ErikssonElin Ekblom-Bak
Mar 7, 2021·Mayo Clinic Proceedings·Dennis J KerriganSteven Keteyian
Mar 16, 2021·Nutrición hospitalaria·Raúl Jiménez BoraitaJosep María Dalmau Torres
May 29, 2020·Preventive Medicine Reports·Jyrki TaurioIlkka H Pörsti
Oct 2, 2020·Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases·Andrew ElagiziHector O Ventura
Jul 12, 2021·European Journal of Preventive Cardiology·Francesco ZaccardiThomas Yates
Jun 23, 2019·Journal of the American Medical Directors Association·Marcio M NishidaHidenori Arai
May 6, 2021·Physiological Reviews·Jun RenYingmei Zhang
Aug 28, 2021·Journal of Clinical Medicine·Jose Castro-PiñeroMagdalena Cuenca-Garcia
Apr 28, 2018·Journal of the American College of Cardiology·Prakash Deedwania, Carl J Lavie
Sep 24, 2021·International Journal of Sports Medicine·Xianwen ShangGuansheng Ma

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Cardiovascular Disease Pathophysiology

Cardiovascular disease involves several different processes that contribute to the pathological mechanism, including hyperglycemia, inflammation, atherosclerosis, hypertension and more. Vasculature stability plays a critical role in the development of the disease. Discover the latest research on cardiovascular disease pathophysiology here.

Atrial Fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation is a common arrhythmia that is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality, particularly due to stroke and thromboembolism. Here is the latest research.

Atrial Filbrillation

Atrial fibrillation refers to the abnormal heart rhythm characterized by rapid and irregular beating of the atria. Here is the latest research.

CV Disorders & Type 2 Diabetes

This feed focuses on the association of cardiovascular diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Arrhythmia

Arrhythmias are abnormalities in heart rhythms, which can be either too fast or too slow. They can result from abnormalities of the initiation of an impulse or impulse conduction or a combination of both. Here is the latest research on arrhythmias.

Cardiovascular Diseases: Risk Factors

Cardiovascular disease is a significant health concern. Risk factors include hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia and smoking. Women who are postmenopausal are at an increased risk of heart disease. Here is the latest research for risk factors of cardiovascular disease.