The interactions and communications in tumor resistance to radiotherapy: Therapy perspectives.

International Immunopharmacology
Milad AshrafizadehMasoud Najafi

Abstract

Tumor microenvironment (TME) includes a wide range of cell types including cancer cells, cells which are involved in stromal structure and immune cells (tumor suppressor and tumor promoting cells). These cells have several interactions with each other that are mainly regulated via the release of intercellular mediators. Radiotherapy can modulate these interactions via shifting secretions into inflammatory or anti-inflammatory responses. Radiotherapy also can trigger resistance of cancer (stem) cells via activation of stromal cells. The main mechanisms of tumor resistance to radiotherapy is the exhaustion of anti-tumor immunity via suppression of CD4+ T cells and apoptosis of cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes (CTLs). Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), mesenchymal-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and regulatory T cells (Tregs) are the main suppressor of anti-tumor immunity via the release of several chemokines, cytokines and immune suppressors. In this review, we explain the main cellular and molecular interactions and secretions in TME following radiotherapy. Furthermore, the main signaling pathways and intercellular connections that can be targeted to improve therapeutic efficiency of radiotherapy will be discussed.

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Citations

Nov 17, 2020·Frontiers in Oncology·Sergi BenaventeJuan Lorente
Jun 8, 2021·Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics·Xiao FuMasoud Najafi
Jun 9, 2021·Phytotherapy Research : PTR·Libo Chen, Ahmed Eleojo Musa
Aug 1, 2021·International Journal of Radiation Biology·Annum DawoodColin Seymour
Aug 11, 2021·BioFactors·Xiao FuMasoud Najafi
Sep 26, 2021·Apoptosis : an International Journal on Programmed Cell Death·Xiao FuMasoud Najafi
Nov 12, 2021·The Journal of Medical Investigation : JMI·Shohei OkikawaMitsuo Shimada

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