The Intergenerational Impact of Terror: Did the 9/11 Tragedy Impact the Initial Human Capital of the Next Generation?

Demography
Ryan Brown

Abstract

Given the unexpected nature of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, a specific cohort of children were exogenously exposed to increased maternal psychological stress in utero. Rich administrative data and the precise timing of the event allow this study to uniquely provide insights into the health effects of exposure to maternal psychological stress across gestation. Results suggest that children exposed in utero were born significantly smaller and earlier than previous cohorts. The timing of the effect provides evidence that intrauterine growth is specifically restricted by first trimester exposure to stress; reductions in gestational age and increases in the likelihood of being born at low (<2,500 grams) or very low (<1,500 grams) birth weight are induced by increased maternal psychological stress mid-pregnancy. This study also documents a positively selected post-attack fertility response, which would bias an evaluation that includes cohorts conceived after September 11, 2001, in the control group.

References

Jan 1, 1992·Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews·D deCatanzaro, E Macniven
Jul 24, 1993·BMJ : British Medical Journal·M HedegaardN J Secher
Jan 15, 1998·The New England Journal of Medicine·B S McEwen
Mar 15, 2001·Annals of Epidemiology·N E Reichman, E M Hade
Sep 28, 2001·Maternal and Child Health Journal·P D WadhwaS S Barve
Nov 20, 2001·Environmental Health Perspectives·P J Landrigan
Jan 17, 2002·The New England Journal of Medicine·M A SchusterS H Berry
Sep 7, 2002·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·Roxane Cohen SilverVirginia Gil-Rivas
Nov 21, 2002·Early Human Development·E J H MulderG H A Visser
Aug 7, 2003·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·Gertrud S BerkowitzPhilip J Landrigan
May 4, 2004·Environmental Health Perspectives·Philip J LandriganUNKNOWN NIEHS World Trade Center Working Group
Sep 24, 2004·Psychosomatic Medicine·Roberta A MancusoCalvin J Hobel
Oct 28, 2004·American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology·Pathik D WadhwaCurt A Sandman
Dec 8, 2004·Environmental Health Perspectives·Sally Ann LedermanFrederica P Perera
Feb 22, 2005·Journal of Health Economics·Anne CaseChristina Paxson
Apr 7, 2005·Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews·Carolina de Weerth, Jan K Buitelaar
Apr 13, 2005·Epidemiology·Janet W Rich-EdwardsMatthew W Gillman
Aug 24, 2005·Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology·Stephanie Mulherin EngelRachel Yehuda
Nov 2, 2005·Journal of Health and Social Behavior·Hannah K KnudsenLori J Ducharme
Nov 7, 2006·Journal of Psychosomatic Research·Luc SmitsJim van Os
Oct 2, 2007·Human Reproduction·Brenda EskenaziPaolo G Toniolo
Mar 19, 2013·Journal of Health Economics·Janet Currie, Maya Rossin-Slater
May 13, 2017·The Journal of Human Resources·Janet Currie, Hannes Schwandt
Oct 3, 2017·Journal of Health Economics·Climent Quintana-Domeque, Pedro Ródenas-Serrano
Jun 25, 2019·International Journal of Epidemiology·Tim A BrucknerBéatrice Blondel

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Nov 22, 2020·Health Economics·Ainoa Aparicio Fenoll, Libertad González
Oct 8, 2020·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Magdalena Bendini, Lelys Dinarte

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.