The Invisibility of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Impaired Cognitive Performance as a Silent Symptom

Journal of Neurotrauma
Leore R HeimC G Pick

Abstract

The present study was designed to tackle two notorious features of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI)-heterogeneity and invisibility-by characterizing the full scope of mTBI symptoms. Mice were exposed to brain injuries of different intensities utilizing a weight-drop model (10, 30, 50, and 70 g) and subsequently subjected to a comprehensive battery of behavioral tests at different time points and immunohistochemical examination of cortical slices. Whereas the physiological, neurological, emotional, and motor function of mTBI mice (i.e., their well-being) remained largely intact, cognitive deficits were identified by the y-maze and novel object recognition. Results from these two cognitive tests were combined and a dose-response relationship was established between injury intensity and cognitive impairment, ranging from an 85% decline after a 70-g impact (p < 0.001) to a 20% decline after a 10-g impact (essentially no effect). In addition, higher intensities of injury were accompanied by decreased expression of axonal and synaptic markers. Thus, our mTBI mice showed a clear discrepancy between performance (poor cognitive function) and appearance (healthy demeanor). This is of major concern given that diagnosis of mTBI is establ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 14, 2017·Journal of Neurotrauma·Jessica N SaykallyBruce A Citron
Jun 5, 2018·The Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation·Sam MeskeJosh Smith
Dec 11, 2019·Journal of Molecular Neuroscience : MN·I NamdarChaim G Pick
May 22, 2020·Journal of Neurotrauma·Inbar MeningherIdo Tavor
Feb 9, 2019·Journal of Molecular Neuroscience : MN·V RubovitchC G Pick
Mar 26, 2019·Journal of Neurotrauma·Sandy R ShultzRichelle Mychasiuk
Feb 6, 2020·Frontiers in Pharmacology·Marina Ben ShimonNicola Maggio
Jan 22, 2019·Journal of Neurotrauma·Colleen N BodnarAdam D Bachstetter
Mar 21, 2020·Frontiers in Pediatrics·Acacia HolmesKeisuke Kawata
Aug 10, 2019·ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science·Elliot J GlotfeltyNigel H Greig

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Brain Injury & Trauma

brain injury after impact to the head is due to both immediate mechanical effects and delayed responses of neural tissues.