The kiss of (cell) death: can venom-induced immune response contribute to dermal necrosis following arthropod envenomations?

Clinical Toxicology : the Official Journal of the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology and European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists
John P DunbarMichel M Dugon

Abstract

Snakes, insects, arachnids and myriapods have been linked to necrosis following envenomation. However, the pathways involved in arthropod venom-induced necrosis remain a highly controversial topic among toxinologists, clinicians and the public. On the one hand, clinicians report on alleged envenomations based on symptoms and the victims' information. On the other hand, toxinologists and zoologists argue that symptoms are incompatible with the known venom activity of target species. This review draws from the literature on arthropod envenomations, snakebite, and inflammatory processes to suggest that envenomation by a range of organisms might trigger an intense inflammatory cascade that ultimately lead to necrosis. If confirmed, these processes would have important implications for the treatment of venom-induced necrosis. To describe two inflammatory pathways of regulated necrosis, tumour necrosis factor (necroptosis) and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETosis); to discuss existing knowledge about snake venom and arachnid-induced necrosis demonstrating the involvement of tumour necrosis factor and neutrophils in the development of tissue necrosis following envenomation and to contribute to the understanding of venom-induced nec...Continue Reading

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Citations

Apr 9, 2020·Toxins·YanYan ChuRiLei Yu
Sep 29, 2020·The Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases·Liao-Chun ChiangYan-Chiao Mao
Jan 17, 2020·PeerJ·Zhili DengYiya Zhang
Dec 29, 2020·Frontiers in Public Health·Keneth Iceland KasoziSusan Christina Welburn
May 28, 2021·Clinical Toxicology : the Official Journal of the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology and European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists·John P DunbarMichel M Dugon
Jul 21, 2021·Clinical Toxicology : the Official Journal of the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology and European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists·John P DunbarMichel M Dugon

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