The landscape of childhood vaccine exemptions in the United States.

Scientific Data
Casey M ZipfelShweta Bansal

Abstract

Once-eliminated vaccine-preventable childhood diseases, such as measles, are resurging across the United States. Understanding the spatio-temporal trends in vaccine exemptions is crucial to targeting public health intervention to increase vaccine uptake and anticipating vulnerable populations as cases surge. However, prior available data on childhood disease vaccination is either at too rough a spatial scale for this spatially-heterogeneous issue, or is only available for small geographic regions, making general conclusions infeasible. Here, we have collated school vaccine exemption data across the United States and provide it at the county-level for all years included. We demonstrate the fine-scale spatial heterogeneity in vaccine exemption levels, and show that many counties may fall below the herd immunity threshold. We also show that vaccine exemptions increase over time in most states, and non-medical exemptions are highly prevalent where allowed. Our dataset also highlights the need for greater data sharing and standardized reporting across the United States.

Associated Datasets

Nov 10, 2020·Shweta BansalCasey Zipfel

References

Feb 25, 2005·American Journal of Public Health·Daniel A SalmonNeal A Halsey
May 4, 2005·Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine·Daniel A SalmonNeal A Halsey
May 8, 2009·The New England Journal of Medicine·Saad B OmerNeal Halsey
Oct 2, 2013·Pediatrics·Jessica E AtwellSaad B Omer
Sep 12, 2014·American Journal of Public Health·Eileen WangAlison Buttenheim
Oct 14, 2016·American Journal of Public Health·Timothy F LeslieKathryn H Jacobsen
Jun 22, 2017·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Carlin AloeBarry R Bloom
Sep 6, 2017·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·Paul L DelamaterY Tony Yang
Feb 10, 2018·Open Forum Infectious Diseases·Saad B OmerRobert A Bednarczyk
Apr 8, 2020·Open Forum Infectious Diseases·Romain GarnierShweta Bansal

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Citations

Sep 9, 2021·Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics·Margaret K Doll, John W Correira

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Software Mentioned

Dryad
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