PMID: 9547496Apr 21, 1998Paper

The linear no-threshold dose-effect relation: is it relevant to radiation protection regulation?

Medical Physics
R H Nussbaum

Abstract

Official radiogenic cancer risk estimates for low-dose, protracted exposure conditions have been based on linear, no-threshold downward extrapolation from medium and high-dose effects among a population of A-bomb survivors, with the application of a downward correction for an assumed reduced biological effectiveness at low doses and low dose rates (DDREF correction). Neither in the follow-up of populations exposed to the high-dose A-bomb flash, nor from epidemiological data after low-dose occupational or medical irradiation is there any convincing evidence for this DDREF hypothesis--even less for a zero-effect threshold dose. To the contrary, for external low-dose exposures of nuclear workers or general populations, cancer risks per unit dose have been found to be about 1 order of magnitude larger than those derived from the Japanese survivors, with larger discrepancies for persons above 50 years of age, and for x-rayed fetuses. This may be due to a dose and dose-rate effect exactly opposite from that postulated by the DDREF assumption, and a dose-dependent bias due to selection for exceptionally high immune competence among the > 5 years A-bomb survivor cohort. Excess cancer mortality following occupational exposures to ingest...Continue Reading

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