PMID: 9547495Apr 21, 1998Paper

The linear no-threshold response: why not linearity?

Medical Physics
W K Sinclair

Abstract

ICRP and NCRP recommend risk coefficients for use in radiation protection that are based on a linear quadratic response in the low dose region. This is a derivative of the linear no threshold (LNT) hypothesis with allowance for low dose and dose rate effects. The risk coefficients are derived from the Lifespan Study of the A-bomb survivors but are supported by many other epidemiological studies some, such as occupational, at low doses. Nevertheless, the risk coefficients are uncertain and range (90% confidence intervals) over a factor of 2-3 above and below the nominal values. Various possible dose responses in the low dose region are considered including those that may result from adaptive responses. Laboratory studies show linearity in some systems to doses as low as 2.5 mGy. Epidemiological studies include several with significant excess risks at 100 mGy or less with at least one at 10 mGy. The linear quadratic response seems, therefore, the most likely response in the very low dose region. Adopting the linear quadratic response in the low dose region does not prevent common sense judgements about dismissing small radiation risks. NCRP defined first a negligible individual risk (1987) and then an individual dose (1993) to en...Continue Reading

References

Mar 1, 1992·International Journal of Radiation Biology·D C LloydC Tanzarella
Aug 1, 1994·Environmental Health Perspectives·R H Nussbaum, W Köhnlein
Feb 1, 1997·The British Journal of Radiology·R Doll, R Wakeford
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Mar 13, 2008·Journal of the National Cancer Institute·Dale L PrestonRoy E Shore

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Citations

Sep 28, 2000·Health Physics·A M Kellerer, E A Nekolla
Oct 25, 2000·Health Physics·W K Sinclair
Jul 11, 2003·Health Physics·Arthur C Upton, UNKNOWN National Coluncil on Radiation Protection and Measurements Scientific Committee 1-6
Oct 24, 2001·Environmental Health Perspectives·C de Brouwer, R Lagasse
Mar 27, 2010·Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju·Santhosh AcharyaYerol Narayana
May 16, 2003·Archives of Environmental Health·Aharon FinestoneCharles Milgrom
Aug 16, 2001·Critical Reviews in Toxicology·A C Upton
Jul 23, 2003·Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis·Jeffrey K WickliffeRobert J Baker
Feb 18, 2004·Nature Reviews. Cancer·Carmel Mothersill, Colin B Seymour

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