PMID: 16532860Mar 15, 2006Paper

The list strength effect: a contextual competition account

Memory & Cognition
Rachel A Diana, Lynne M Reder

Abstract

Research on the list strength effect (LSE) has shown that learning some words on a list more strongly than others impairs memory for the weakly learned words when tested with a recall task. Norman (2002) demonstrated that the LSE also occurs within the recollection process of a recognition test. In this study, a mechanistic dual-process account of the LSE was tested that simultaneously makes predictions concerning additional sources of context in interference effects. In two experiments, we attempted to replicate Norman's (2002) findings and provide the basis for our modeling efforts. We found evidence for a recollection LSE in raw measures of responding, with memory performance also benefiting from reinstatement of perceptual characteristics at test. However, large differences in the hits between the lists were accompanied by small differences in false alarms, such that when d' is calculated, differences between the lists are not significant. We propose an account of the LSE whereby the actual effect of competition between items on the list is small, although present, and difficult to distinguish from large effects of bias due to the strength manipulations. We argue that our findings provide support for a mechanistic explanati...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 25, 2005·Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition·Heekyeong ParkDaniel Dickison
Oct 27, 2005·Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition·Michael J KahanaAbraham R Schneider
Sep 22, 2007·The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology : QJEP·Luciano G Buratto, Koen Lamberts
Oct 27, 2006·Memory & Cognition·Heekyeong ParkLynne M Reder
May 27, 2006·Psychonomic Bulletin & Review·Rachel A DianaHeekyeong Park
Apr 6, 2012·Memory & Cognition·Peter F DelaneyThomas C Toppino
Dec 10, 2013·Memory & Cognition·Adam F Osth, Simon Dennis
May 18, 2021·Royal Society Open Science·Tina S-T Huang, David R Shanks

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