The location of the inferior angle of the scapula in relation to the spine in the upright position: a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis

Chiropractic & Manual Therapies
Robert CoopersteinMorgan D Young

Abstract

Practitioners in several of the health care professions use anatomical landmarks to identify spinal levels, both in order to enhance diagnostic accuracy and to specifically target the site of intervention. Authoritative sources usually state the upright inferior scapular angle (IAS) aligns with the spinous process (SP) of T7, but some specify the T7-8 interspace or the T8 SP. The primary goals of this study were to systematically review the relevant literature; and conduct a meta-analysis of the pooled data from retrieved studies to increase their statistical power. Electronic searching retrieved primary studies relating the IAS to a spinal level, as determined by an imaging reference standard, using combinations of these search terms: scapula, location, landmark, spinous process, thoracic vertebrae, vertebral level, palpation, and spine. Only primary studies were included; review articles and reliability studies related to scapular position but lacking spinal correlations were excluded. Eight-hundred and eighty (880) articles of interest were identified, 43 abstracts were read, 22 full text articles were inspected, and 5 survived the final cut. Each article (with one exception) was rated for quality using the QUADAS instrument...Continue Reading

References

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Feb 7, 2014·Chiropractic & Manual Therapies·John J TrianoRodger Tepe
Jun 7, 2014·Chiropractic & Manual Therapies·Robert Cooperstein, Morgan Young

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Citations

May 30, 2016·Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics·Rune Mygind Mieritz, Gregory Neil Kawchuk
Jul 16, 2013·Gait & Posture·Stéphane ArmandRichard Baker
Oct 30, 2019·Chiropractic & Manual Therapies·John Chinsuk Cho, Kenneth Reckelhoff
May 16, 2018·Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine : Official Journal of the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine·Fariba KhosraviLeila Rahnama

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
ISA

Software Mentioned

OstMed
STARLITE
QUADAS

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