The mid-developmental transition and the evolution of animal body plans.

Nature
Michal LevinItai Yanai

Abstract

Animals are grouped into ~35 'phyla' based upon the notion of distinct body plans. Morphological and molecular analyses have revealed that a stage in the middle of development--known as the phylotypic period--is conserved among species within some phyla. Although these analyses provide evidence for their existence, phyla have also been criticized as lacking an objective definition, and consequently based on arbitrary groupings of animals. Here we compare the developmental transcriptomes of ten species, each annotated to a different phylum, with a wide range of life histories and embryonic forms. We find that in all ten species, development comprises the coupling of early and late phases of conserved gene expression. These phases are linked by a divergent 'mid-developmental transition' that uses species-specific suites of signalling pathways and transcription factors. This mid-developmental transition overlaps with the phylotypic period that has been defined previously for three of the ten phyla, suggesting that transcriptional circuits and signalling mechanisms active during this transition are crucial for defining the phyletic body plan and that the mid-developmental transition may be used to define phylotypic periods in other...Continue Reading

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Citations

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
PRJNA81157

Methods Mentioned

BETA
RNA-Seq
CEL-Seq

Software Mentioned

Transdecoder
AllpathLG
Trinity
htseq
bowtie2
OrthoMCL
fastx
BLAST
Trinotate
trimest

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