The mitochondrial genomes of the acoelomorph worms Paratomella rubra, Isodiametra pulchra and Archaphanostoma ylvae

Scientific Reports
Helen E RobertsonPhilipp H Schiffer

Abstract

Acoels are small, ubiquitous - but understudied - marine worms with a very simple body plan. Their internal phylogeny is still not fully resolved, and the position of their proposed phylum Xenacoelomorpha remains debated. Here we describe mitochondrial genome sequences from the acoels Paratomella rubra and Isodiametra pulchra, and the complete mitochondrial genome of the acoel Archaphanostoma ylvae. The P. rubra and A. ylvae sequences are typical for metazoans in size and gene content. The larger I. pulchra  mitochondrial genome contains both ribosomal genes, 21 tRNAs, but only 11 protein-coding genes. We find evidence suggesting a duplicated sequence in the I. pulchra mitochondrial genome. The P. rubra, I. pulchra and A. ylvae mitochondria have a unique genome organisation in comparison to other metazoan mitochondrial genomes. We found a large degree of protein-coding gene and tRNA overlap with little non-coding sequence in the compact P. rubra genome. Conversely, the A. ylvae and I. pulchra genomes have many long non-coding sequences between genes, likely driving genome size expansion in the latter. Phylogenetic trees inferred from mitochondrial genes retrieve Xenacoelomorpha as an early branching taxon in the deuterostomes. ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 19, 2017·BMC Evolutionary Biology·Hiroaki NakanoHisanori Kohtsuka
May 3, 2019·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Harsha KundungalSuja Purushothaman Devipriya
Aug 24, 2018·Nature Ecology & Evolution·Claus NielsenDetlev Arendt
Aug 15, 2018·Parasitology Open·Helen E RobertsonMaximilian J Telford
Dec 24, 2020·Molecular Biology and Evolution·Jules DuruzSimon G Sprecher
Aug 31, 2021·Infection, Genetics and Evolution : Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics in Infectious Diseases·Yi-Tian FuYu Zhao

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
PCR
PCRs
RNA-Seq

Software Mentioned

RAxML
PhyloBayes
blastx
NextGenMap
Geneious
MITOS
Mesquite
Mitfi
trimAl
ClustalOmega

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