The moderating role of flexible goal adjustment in the link between pain and depressive symptoms: findings based on a nationally representative sample of older adults

Psychogeriatrics : the Official Journal of the Japanese Psychogeriatric Society
André Hajek, Hans-Helmut König

Abstract

Pain is a frequent phenomenon in old age. It has been shown that increases in pain are longitudinally associated with depressive symptoms. This strong link can be attenuated by coping strategies like resilience. However, to date, there is a lack of longitudinal studies, based on nationally representative samples that have examined whether flexible goal adjustment moderates the relation between pain and depressive symptoms. Thus, the purpose of this study was to identify whether there is a longitudinal association between pain and depressive symptoms, and to examine whether flexible goal adjustment moderates this link. Longitudinal data (wave 3 and wave 4; 5582 observations) were taken from a sample (German Ageing Survey) which is nationally representative for middle-aged and older adults (40 years and over). A widely used pain measurement (single-item measure) served as the key independent variable. An instrument created by Brandstaedter and Renner was used to quantify flexible goal adjustment. The 15-item version of the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale was used to measure depressive symptoms. Linear fixed effects regressions demonstrated that an increase in pain was associated with an increase in depressive sy...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 27, 2020·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·André HajekHans-Helmut König
Dec 22, 2020·Nursing Forum·Jenise FinlayAniela M Dela Cruz
Oct 1, 2021·Physiotherapy Theory and Practice·Jenny AlexandersCaroline Douglas
Oct 30, 2021·Psychogeriatrics : the Official Journal of the Japanese Psychogeriatric Society·Linda BaumbachAndré Hajek

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