The molecular basis of immune regulation in autoimmunity

Clinical Science
Shu-Han YangZhe-Xiong Lian

Abstract

Autoimmune diseases can be triggered and modulated by various molecular and cellular characteristics. The mechanisms of autoimmunity and the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases have been investigated for several decades. It is well accepted that autoimmunity is caused by dysregulated/dysfunctional immune susceptible genes and environmental factors. There are multiple physiological mechanisms that regulate and control self-reactivity, but which can also lead to tolerance breakdown when in defect. The majority of autoreactive T or B cells are eliminated during the development of central tolerance by negative selection. Regulatory cells such as Tregs (regulatory T) and MSCs (mesenchymal stem cells), and molecules such as CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen 4) and IL (interleukin) 10 (IL-10), help to eliminate autoreactive cells that escaped to the periphery in order to prevent development of autoimmunity. Knowledge of the molecular basis of immune regulation is needed to further our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of loss of tolerance in autoimmune diseases and pave the way for the development of more effective, specific, and safer therapeutic interventions.

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Citations

Nov 7, 2019·Current Pharmaceutical Design·Melek Kechida
May 3, 2018·Frontiers in Immunology·Dario Didona, Giovanni Di Zenzo
Oct 24, 2019·BMC Veterinary Research·Inês Esteves DiasPedro Pires Carvalho
Aug 11, 2020·Clinical and Molecular Allergy : CMA·Lorenzo SalvatiPaola Parronchi

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