The molecular limitations of biomarker research in bladder cancer

World Journal of Urology
Panagiotis J Vlachostergios, Bishoy M Faltas

Abstract

Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (UCB) is a common malignancy with limited systemic treatment options in advanced stages. Despite recent advances in immunotherapy, the majority of patients do not respond to these treatments. There is an unmet need for developing robust biomarkers to inform treatment decisions and identify patients who are likely to respond. A MEDLINE/PubMed literature search was performed, focusing on tissue-based and circulating biomarkers, and their potential in muscle-invasive UCB. UCB is a heterogeneous disease that consists of several clonal and subclonal populations, each with a mix of truncal and private genomic alterations. This inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneous landscape results in the development of treatment resistance. Tumor heterogeneity also constitutes a barrier to the development of robust markers of response and resistance to chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Defects in DNA repair genes and a high tumor mutational burden independently confer sensitivity to cisplatin-based chemotherapy and checkpoint inhibitors. Oncogenic alterations such as FGFR3 mutations and fusions are associated with response to FGFR3 inhibitors. Several emerging potential biomarkers, including gene expression-based m...Continue Reading

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Aug 7, 2019·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Georg C Hutterer
Jul 29, 2019·World Journal of Urology·Peter C Black
Jul 6, 2020·Scientific Reports·Taoufik NedjadiJaudah Al-Maghrabi
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Dec 2, 2020·Urologic Oncology·David T MiyamotoKent W Mouw

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