The molybdenum cofactor enzyme mARC: Moonlighting or promiscuous enzyme?

BioFactors
Angel LlamasEmilio Fernández

Abstract

Molybdenum (Mo) is present in the active center of eukaryotic enzymes as a tricyclic pyranopterin chelate compound forming the Mo Cofactor (Moco). Four Moco containing enzymes are known in eukaryotes, nitrate reductase (NR), sulfite oxidase (SO), xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), and aldehyde oxidase (AO). A fifth Moco enzyme has been recently identified. Because of the ability of this enzyme to convert by reduction several amidoximes prodrugs into their active amino forms, it was named mARC (mitochondrial Amidoxime Reducing Component). This enzyme is also able to catalyze the reduction of a broad range of N-hydroxylated compounds (NHC) as the base analogue 6-hydroxylaminopurine (HAP), as well as nitrite to nitric oxide (NO). All the mARC proteins need reducing power that is supplied by other proteins. The human and plants mARC proteins require a Cytochrome b5 (Cytb5) and a Cytochrome b5 reductase (Cytb5-R) to form an electron transfer chain from NADH to the NHC. Recently, plant mARC proteins were shown to be implicated in the reduction of nitrite to NO, and it was proposed that the electrons required for the reaction were supplied by NR instead of Cytochrome b5 components. This newly characterized mARC activity was termed NO Form...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 9, 2019·Plants·Manuel Tejada-JimenezEmilio Fernández
Dec 15, 2017·FEMS Microbiology Letters·Stefan Burén, Luis M Rubio
May 17, 2018·Advances in Nutrition·Janet A Novotny, Catherine A Peterson
Apr 11, 2019·Frontiers in Plant Science·Takeshi FukaoJulián Mario Peña-Castro
Dec 29, 2020·Frontiers in Microbiology·Qifeng ZhongUlrike Kappler
Oct 27, 2020·Frontiers in Plant Science·Fiorella Del CastelloNatalia Correa-Aragunde

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