The mycotoxin alternariol induces DNA damage and modify macrophage phenotype and inflammatory responses

Toxicology Letters
A SolhaugJ A Holme

Abstract

Alternariol (AOH), a mycotoxin produced by Alternaria fungi, is frequently found as a contaminant in fruit and grain products. Here we examined if AOH could modify macrophage phenotype and inflammatory responses. In RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages AOH changed the cell morphology of from round to star-shaped cells, with increased levels of CD83, CD86, CD11b, MHCII and endocytic activity. TNFα and IL-6 were enhanced at mRNA-level, but only TNFα showed increased secretion. No changes were found in IL-10 or IL-12p40 expression. Primary human macrophages changed the cell morphology from round into elongated shapes with dendrite-like protrusions in response to AOH. The levels of CD83 and CD86 were increased, HLA-DR and CD68 were down-regulated and CD80, CD200R and CD163 remained unchanged. Increased secretion of TNFα and IL-6 were found after AOH exposure, while IL-8, IL-10 and IL-12p70 were not changed. Furthermore, AOH reduced macrophage endocytic activity and autophagosomes. AOH was also found to induce DNA damage, which is suggested to be linked to the morphological and phenotypical changes. Thus, AOH was found to change the morphology and phenotype of the two cell models, but either of them could be characterized as typical M1/M2 ma...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 28, 2016·Toxicology in Vitro : an International Journal Published in Association with BIBRA·A SolhaugG S Eriksen
Jun 25, 2016·Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology·Anita SolhaugJørn A Holme
Sep 8, 2016·Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry·Christiane Gruber-DorningerFranz Berthiller
May 23, 2019·Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part a·Elisabeth ØyaJørn A Holme
Nov 21, 2018·American Journal of Veterinary Research·Xing JinFangfang Chen
Oct 5, 2019·Molecular Nutrition & Food Research·Cornelia SchmutzDoris Marko
Jan 16, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Karolina KowalskaAgnieszka Wanda Piastowska-Ciesielska
Jul 13, 2021·Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry·Anqi ChenYanshen Li
Jul 30, 2021·Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety·Georg AichingerDoris Marko

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