The new insights into the oyster antimicrobial defense: Cellular, molecular and genetic view

Fish & Shellfish Immunology
Evelyne BachèreDelphine Destoumieux-Garzón

Abstract

Oysters are sessile filter feeders that live in close association with abundant and diverse communities of microorganisms that form the oyster microbiota. In such an association, cellular and molecular mechanisms have evolved to maintain oyster homeostasis upon stressful conditions including infection and changing environments. We give here cellular and molecular insights into the Crassostrea gigas antimicrobial defense system with focus on antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs). This review highlights the central role of the hemocytes in the modulation and control of oyster antimicrobial response. As vehicles for AMPs and other antimicrobial effectors, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), and together with epithelia, hemocytes provide the oyster with local defense reactions instead of systemic humoral ones. These reactions are largely based on phagocytosis but also, as recently described, on the extracellular release of antimicrobial histones (ETosis) which is triggered by ROS. Thus, ROS can signal danger and activate cellular responses in the oyster. From the current literature, AMP production/release could serve similar functions. We provide also new lights on the oyster genetic background that underlies a great dive...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 18, 2016·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·Ximing Guo, Susan E Ford
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May 11, 2016·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·Delphine Destoumieux-GarzónEvelyne Bachère
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