The noncosmopolitanism paradigm of freshwater zooplankton: insights from the global phylogeography of the predatory cladoceran Polyphemus pediculus (Linnaeus, 1761) (Crustacea, Onychopoda)

Molecular Ecology
S XuMelania E Cristescu

Abstract

A major question in our understanding of eukaryotic biodiversity is whether small bodied taxa have cosmopolitan distributions or consist of geographically localized cryptic taxa. Here, we explore the global phylogeography of the freshwater cladoceran Polyphemus pediculus (Linnaeus, 1761) (Crustacea, Onychopoda) using two mitochondrial genes, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and 16s ribosomal RNA, and one nuclear marker, 18s ribosomal RNA. The results of neighbour-joining and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses reveal an exceptionally pronounced genetic structure at both inter- and intra-continental scales. The presence of well-supported, deeply divergent phylogroups across the Holarctic suggests that P. pediculus represents an assemblage of at least nine, largely allopatric cryptic species. Interestingly, all phylogenetic analyses support the reciprocal paraphyly of Nearctic and Palaearctic clades. Bayesian inference of ancestral distributions suggests that P. pediculus originated in North America or East Asia and that European lineages of Polyphemus were established by subsequent intercontinental dispersal events from North America. Japan and the Russian Far East harbour exceptionally high levels of genetic diversity at both regional...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 19, 2011·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Tiehang WuJames R Garey
Nov 28, 2012·Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution·Martin SchwentnerStefan Richter
Jan 25, 2012·Molecular Ecology·Melania E CristescuTeresa J Crease
Feb 24, 2015·Molecular Ecology·Melania E Cristescu
Feb 6, 2020·Scientific Reports·Derek J TaylorAlexey A Kotov

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