The number and distribution of bipolar to ganglion cell synapses in the inner plexiform layer of the anuran retina

Visual Neuroscience
P BuzásR Gábriel

Abstract

The main route of information flow through the vertebrate retina is from the photoreceptors towards the ganglion cells whose axons form the optic nerve. Bipolar cells of the frog have been so far reported to contact mostly amacrine cells and the majority of input to ganglion cells comes from the amacrines. In this study, ganglion cells of frogs from two species (Bufo marinus, Xenopus laevis) were filled retrogradely with horseradish peroxidase. After visualization of the tracer, light-microscopic cross sections showed massive labeling of the somata in the ganglion cell layer as well as their dendrites in the inner plexiform layer. In cross sections, bipolar output and ganglion cell input synapses were counted in the electron microscope. Each synapse was assigned to one of the five equal sublayers (SLs) of the inner plexiform layer. In both species, bipolar cells were most often seen to form their characteristic synaptic dyads with two amacrine cells. In some cases, however, the dyads were directed to one amacrine and one ganglion cell dendrite. This type of synapse was unevenly distributed within the inner plexiform layer with the highest occurrence in SL2 both in Bufo and Xenopus. In addition, SL4 contained also a high number ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 9, 2015·PloS One·Santhosh Sethuramanujam, Malcolm M Slaughter
Mar 1, 2005·Visual Neuroscience·Jun ZhangChen-Yu Yang
Aug 15, 2000·Microscopy Research and Technique·R GábrielE Veisenberger

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