The number of distinct basic values and their structure assessed by PVQ-40

Journal of Personality Assessment
Jan Cieciuch, Shalom H Schwartz

Abstract

According to the theory of basic human values (Schwartz, 1992), values form a circular motivational continuum. The original publication and most subsequent research partitioned this continuum into 10 values. In theory, however, it could be partitioned into a larger number of more narrowly defined values. We use multidimensional scaling (MDS) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of data from the Portrait Values Questionnaire in Poland (N = 10,439) to assess a finer partitioning of values. MDS confirmed the circular motivational continuum of 10 values, with benevolence and universalism reversing positions. CFA discriminated 15 hypothesized values: 2 subtypes of universalism (protecting the environment and societal concern), 2 of achievement (ambition and showing success), 2 of self-direction (autonomy of action and autonomy of thought), 2 of security (national security and personal security), and 2 of tradition (tradition and humility), plus stimulation, hedonism, power, conformity, and benevolence. These 15 values were also distinguishable in the MDS projection.

References

Dec 1, 1975·British Journal of Haematology·J Vecchione, M B Zucker
Dec 1, 1973·American Sociological Review·S J Ball-Rokeach
Jan 1, 1993·Vox Sanguinis·B GorickD J van Rhenen
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Aug 14, 2010·Journal of Personality Assessment·Anna K DöringWolfgang Bilsky

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Citations

Mar 8, 2014·British Journal of Psychology·Michele VecchioneGuido Alessandri
May 18, 2016·BMC Psychology·Stefan Stieger, David Lewetz
Oct 1, 2020·Psychological Reports·Piotr Tarka, Richard J Harnish
Jun 6, 2018·Frontiers in Psychology·Daniel Seddig, Eldad Davidov
Sep 28, 2018·Frontiers in Psychology·Isabel CastilloOctavio Alvarez
Jun 15, 2019·Heliyon·August Corrons Giménez, Lluís Garay Tamajón

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
MDS

Software Mentioned

MDS

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