The Oriented Difference of Gaussians (ODOG) model of brightness perception: Overview and executable Mathematica notebooks

Behavior Research Methods
Barbara BlakesleeMark E McCourt

Abstract

The Oriented Difference of Gaussians (ODOG) model of brightness (perceived intensity) by Blakeslee and McCourt (Vision Research 39:4361-4377, 1999), which is based on linear spatial filtering by oriented receptive fields followed by contrast normalization, has proven highly successful in parsimoniously predicting the perceived intensity (brightness) of regions in complex visual stimuli such as White's effect, which had been believed to defy filter-based explanations. Unlike competing explanations such as anchoring theory, filling-in, edge-integration, or layer decomposition, the spatial filtering approach embodied by the ODOG model readily accounts for the often overlooked but ubiquitous gradient structure of induction which, while most striking in grating induction, also occurs within the test fields of classical simultaneous brightness contrast and the White stimulus. Also, because the ODOG model does not require defined regions of interest, it is generalizable to any stimulus, including natural images. The ODOG model has motivated other researchers to develop modified versions (LODOG and FLODOG), and has served as an important counterweight and proof of concept to constrain high-level theories which rely on less well underst...Continue Reading

References

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Feb 25, 2014·Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, Image Science, and Vision·Davis CopeMark E McCourt

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Citations

Jan 19, 2018·I-Perception·Arthur ShapiroAkiyoshi Kitaoka
Dec 5, 2018·Journal of Vision·Minjung KimRichard F Murray
Mar 12, 2020·Journal of Neurophysiology·Marcelo BertalmíoDario Prandi
Aug 20, 2019·Journal of Vision·John M Foley

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