The other side of the coin: the protective role of the TH2 cytokines

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
F D Finkelman, J F Urban

Abstract

Although T(H)2 cytokine involvement in allergy makes these cytokines attractive therapeutic targets, they protect against ectoparasites and gastrointestinal worms and suppress inflammation induced by T(H)1 cytokines. T(H)2 cytokines induce mastocytosis, eosinophilia, IgE synthesis, and mucus production. Each element of this response protects against some worms; however, different worms are protected against by different elements of the total response. The induction of the entire response by most parasitic worms suggests that it is safer for the immune system to make a stereotyped worm-protective response than to attempt to match a more specific response to a particular worm. In contrast, the reciprocal antagonism between T(H)1 and T(H)2 cytokines suggests that it is safer for the immune system to limit immunopathology by suppressing inflammatory effector mechanisms not required for host protection against a particular pathogen class than to make an all-purpose inflammatory response. This, in turn, implies that innate immunity can distinguish different classes of parasites (eg, worms vs protozoa) but has limited ability to distinguish individual parasites within a class (eg, different worms). Although these considerations sugges...Continue Reading

References

Jan 1, 1978·The Journal of Experimental Medicine·F J Ramalho-PintoS R Smithers
Aug 1, 1992·Immunological Investigations·A E ButterworthR F Sturrock
Mar 11, 1991·Immunology Today·F D FinkelmanA Sher
Jun 1, 1991·Current Opinion in Immunology·C A Nacy, M S Meltzer
Nov 1, 1991·The Journal of Experimental Medicine·F D FinkelmanW C Gause
Jul 1, 1991·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·J F UrbanF D Finkelman
Jan 1, 1991·Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene·M A Onuigbo, G I Ibeachum
Jan 1, 1990·International Archives of Allergy and Applied Immunology·S Zhang, G A Castro
Jan 1, 1989·The Journal of Experimental Medicine·J Van SnickR J Simpson
Dec 1, 1989·The Journal of Experimental Medicine·D F FiorentinoT R Mosmann
May 1, 1989·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·P H HartJ A Hamilton
Aug 1, 1988·The Journal of Experimental Medicine·R Fernandez-BotranE S Vitetta
Dec 1, 1974·Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine·R H Jacobson, N D Reed
Nov 1, 1994·The Journal of Experimental Medicine·M K RackeM Röcken
Mar 28, 1995·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·M J NilesM E Koshland
Jun 24, 1994·Science·M Capron, A Capron
Aug 1, 1993·Current Opinion in Immunology·R A Wilson

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Oct 2, 2004·Nature Reviews. Immunology·Jean S Marshall
Jul 21, 2005·New Zealand Veterinary Journal·W R HeinA C Heath
May 22, 2004·Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research : the Official Journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research·Bita ShakooryGuha Krishnaswamy
Jul 4, 2008·Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research : the Official Journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research·Kirsten R MorrisDavid G Strom
Jul 15, 2005·Kidney International. Supplement·Abdias Hurtado, Richard J Johnson
Jan 18, 2002·Infection and Immunity·Andrew S MacDonaldEdward J Pearce
Nov 10, 2006·Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology·Alfonso J Rodríguez-MoralesPedro Rifakis
Aug 3, 2002·American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine·Gang ChengTakeshi Fukuda
Apr 12, 2014·Mediators of Inflammation·Ricardo Alves LuzMaria Ignez Capella Gaspar-Elsas
Dec 19, 2012·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Li-Yin HungDe'Broski R Herbert
Mar 3, 2005·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Ka BianFerid Murad
Dec 4, 2002·Immunology·Hans GrönlundMarianne Van Hage-Hamsten
Nov 18, 2004·Immunological Reviews·Kerri A Mowen, Laurie H Glimcher
Dec 4, 2003·Pediatric Allergy and Immunology : Official Publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology·Inesz van BentenWytske Fokkens
Feb 3, 2007·Parasite Immunology·D P JasmerW C Brown
May 15, 2007·Immunological Reviews·Stephan C Bischoff, Sigrid Krämer
May 15, 2007·Immunological Reviews·George H Caughey
Sep 13, 2006·Parasite Immunology·W Harnett, M M Harnett
Dec 26, 2006·Parasite Immunology·M J de VeerE N T Meeusen
Feb 26, 2015·Journal of Molecular Cell Biology·Fahima MadouriDieudonnée Togbe
Jan 16, 2014·MAbs·Debra H JosephsSophia N Karagiannis
Oct 20, 2004·International Journal for Parasitology·J A JacksonM Boussinesq
Dec 3, 2014·Journal of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infection = Wei Mian Yu Gan Ran Za Zhi·Chia-Ta WuKo-Haung Lue
Sep 1, 2016·The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology·Laura MaggiFrancesco Annunziato
Dec 18, 2003·Cellular Microbiology·Paul G Thomas, Donald A Harn
Nov 5, 2011·Asia Pacific Allergy·M Amarasekera
Apr 22, 2005·The American Journal of Gastroenterology·Martin D GoughNigel C Bird
Sep 7, 2002·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·John S WelchChristopher K Glass
May 18, 2004·Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology·Dominique A Vuitton
Jan 25, 2008·Environmental Toxicology·Hyun-Mi SongChoon-Sik Park
Jun 3, 2008·British Journal of Haematology·Valeska HeibMichael Stassen
Jul 15, 2009·Immunological Reviews·Donald A HarnAkram A Da'dara
Jun 17, 2005·Springer Seminars in Immunopathology·Joel V WeinstockDavid E Elliott
Apr 18, 2008·Coronary Artery Disease·Natale Daniele BrunettiStefano Favale
Jul 3, 2002·Nature Reviews. Immunology·Edward J Pearce, Andrew S MacDonald
Dec 4, 2003·Nature Reviews. Immunology·Martien L Kapsenberg

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Anthelmintics

Anthelmintics or antihelminthics are a group of antiparasitic drugs that expel parasitic worms (helminths) and other internal parasites from the body by either stunning or killing them and without causing significant damage to the host. Discover the latest research on anthelmintics here.

Anthelmintics (ASM)

Anthelmintics or antihelminthics are a group of antiparasitic drugs that expel parasitic worms (helminths) and other internal parasites from the body by either stunning or killing them and without causing significant damage to the host. Discover the latest research on anthelmintics here.

Allergy and Asthma

Allergy and asthma are inflammatory disorders that are triggered by the activation of an allergen-specific regulatory t cell. These t cells become activated when allergens are recognized by allergen-presenting cells. Here is the latest research on allergy and asthma.

Asthma

This feed focuses in Asthma in which your airways narrow and swell. This can make breathing difficult and trigger coughing, wheezing and shortness of breath.

Autoimmune Diseases

Autoimmune diseases occur as a result of an attack by the immune system on the body’s own tissues resulting in damage and dysfunction. There are different types of autoimmune diseases, in which there is a complex and unknown interaction between genetics and the environment. Discover the latest research on autoimmune diseases here.