The Oxymonad Genome Displays Canonical Eukaryotic Complexity in the Absence of a Mitochondrion

Molecular Biology and Evolution
Anna KarnkowskaVladimír Hampl

Abstract

The discovery that the protist Monocercomonoides exilis completely lacks mitochondria demonstrates that these organelles are not absolutely essential to eukaryotic cells. However, the degree to which the metabolism and cellular systems of this organism have adapted to the loss of mitochondria is unknown. Here, we report an extensive analysis of the M. exilis genome to address this question. Unexpectedly, we find that M. exilis genome structure and content is similar in complexity to other eukaryotes and less "reduced" than genomes of some other protists from the Metamonada group to which it belongs. Furthermore, the predicted cytoskeletal systems, the organization of endomembrane systems, and biosynthetic pathways also display canonical eukaryotic complexity. The only apparent preadaptation that permitted the loss of mitochondria was the acquisition of the SUF system for Fe-S cluster assembly and the loss of glycine cleavage system. Changes in other systems, including in amino acid metabolism and oxidative stress response, were coincident with the loss of mitochondria but are likely adaptations to the microaerophilic and endobiotic niche rather than the mitochondrial loss per se. Apart from the lack of mitochondria and peroxiso...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 8, 2019·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Sebastian C TreitliVladimír Hampl
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May 20, 2020·Current Biology : CB·Courtney W Stairs, Thijs J G Ettema

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
environmental stress
transmission electron microscopy
transfection
PCR

Software Mentioned

Tree
Orthofinder
R
HMMER3
MUSCLE
MetalPredator
house Perl script
RAxML
BLAST
Cell

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