The past, present and future of cyber-physical systems: a focus on models

Sensors
Edward A Lee

Abstract

This paper is about better engineering of cyber-physical systems (CPSs) through better models. Deterministic models have historically proven extremely useful and arguably form the kingpin of the industrial revolution and the digital and information technology revolutions. Key deterministic models that have proven successful include differential equations, synchronous digital logic and single-threaded imperative programs. Cyber-physical systems, however, combine these models in such a way that determinism is not preserved. Two projects show that deterministic CPS models with faithful physical realizations are possible and practical. The first project is PRET, which shows that the timing precision of synchronous digital logic can be practically made available at the software level of abstraction. The second project is Ptides (programming temporally-integrated distributed embedded systems), which shows that deterministic models for distributed cyber-physical systems have practical faithful realizations. These projects are existence proofs that deterministic CPS models are possible and practical.

References

Dec 29, 2011·Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark Edition)·Isabella DerlerChristoph Romanin

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Citations

Oct 6, 2015·Sensors·Daniel García-RomeoSantiago Celma
Nov 4, 2015·Sensors·Lenardo C SilvaMirko Perkusich
May 11, 2016·Sensors·Francesco FerracutiMariorosario Prist
Mar 29, 2020·Sensors·César Huegel RichaAntônio Augusto Fröhlich
Jun 4, 2019·Chaos·Giovanni Russo, Mario di Bernardo
Oct 2, 2020·Sensors·Remigiusz WisniewskiAndrei Karatkevich
Aug 11, 2020·Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma·Mohd Javaid, Abid Haleem
Aug 31, 2021·Information Systems Frontiers : a Journal of Research and Innovation·Lian Duan, Li Da Xu

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
chips
ISA

Software Mentioned

OPNET Modeler
Java BigIntegerThe
Time Euclid
SysML
Chisel
OpenGL
NTP
ns
Modula
Rational Rhapsody tool

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