PMID: 11607531Apr 25, 1995Paper

The photoreceptor sensory rhodopsin I as a two-photon-driven proton pump

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
U HauptsD Oesterhelt

Abstract

Proton translocation experiments with intact cells of Halobacterium salinarium overproducing sensory rhodopsin I (SRI) revealed transport activity of SRI in a two-photon process. The vectoriality of proton translocation depends on pH, being outwardly directed above, and inwardly directed below, pH 5.7. Activation of the transport cycle requires excitation of the initial dark state of SRI, SRI590, to form the intermediate SRI380. Action spectra identify the photocycle intermediates SRI380 and SRI520 as the two photochemically reactive species in the outwardly directed transport process. As shown by flash photolysis experiments, SRI520 undergoes a so-far unknown photochemical reaction to SRI380 with a half-time of <200 micros. Mutation of SRI residue Asp-76, the residue which is equivalent to the proton acceptor Asp-85 in bacteriorhodopsin, to asparagine leads to inactivation of proton translocation. This demonstrates that the underlying mechanisms of proton transport in both retinal proteins share similar features. However, SRI is to our knowledge the first case where photochemical reactions between two thermally unstable photoproducts of a retinal protein constitute a catalytic ion transport cycle.

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Citations

Oct 29, 1996·Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta·E J Helmreich, K P Hofmann
Jan 1, 1997·Annual Review of Biophysics and Biomolecular Structure·W D HoffJ L Spudich
Jul 20, 1999·Annual Review of Biophysics and Biomolecular Structure·U HauptsD Oesterhelt
Oct 14, 2000·Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology·J L SpudichE N Spudich
Mar 12, 2013·Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology. B, Biology·Hsu-Yuan FuChii-Shen Yang
Jul 23, 2003·Molecular & Cellular Proteomics : MCP·Young Ah GooWailap V Ng
Nov 19, 2009·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·Diane S LidkePhilippe Lenormand
May 22, 2020·The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B·Andrew HarrisLeonid S Brown
Sep 14, 2000·Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta·J Sasaki, J L Spudich

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