The phylogenetic origins of the antigen-binding receptors and somatic diversification mechanisms

Immunological Reviews
John P CannonGary W Litman

Abstract

The adaptive immune system arose in ancestors of the jawed vertebrates approximately 500 million years ago. Homologs of immunoglobulins (Igs), T-cell antigen receptors (TCRs), major histocompatibility complex I (MHC I) and MHC II, and the recombination-activating genes (RAGs) have been identified in all extant classes of jawed vertebrates; however, no definitive homolog of any of these genes has been identified in jawless vertebrates or invertebrates. RAG-mediated recombination and associated junctional diversification of both Ig and TCR genes occurs in all jawed vertebrates. In the case of Igs, somatic variation is expanded further through class switching, gene conversion, and somatic hypermutation. Although the identity of the 'primordial' receptor that was interrupted by the recombination mechanism in jawed vertebrates may never be established, many different families of genes that exhibit predicted characteristics of such a receptor have been described both within and outside the jawed vertebrates. Recent data from various model systems point toward a continuum of immune receptor diversity, encompassing many different families of recognition molecules whose functions are integrated in an organism's response to pathogenic in...Continue Reading

References

May 1, 1996·Research in Immunology·L DuPasquier, I Chrétien
Apr 29, 1997·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·M WilsonG W Warr
Nov 22, 1997·European Journal of Immunology·R MussmannL Du Pasquier
Jun 8, 1999·Annual Review of Immunology·G W LitmanJ P Rast
Dec 28, 1999·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·S J StrongG W Litman
May 17, 2000·The Journal of Experimental Medicine·S S LeeE Hsu
Nov 9, 2000·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Z Pancer
Apr 20, 2001·Genesis : the Journal of Genetics and Development·J R JessenS Lin
Aug 22, 2001·Immunological Reviews·G W LitmanJ A Yoder
Jan 29, 2002·Nature Immunology·Jules A Hoffmann, Jean-Marc Reichhart
Mar 22, 2002·Nature Reviews. Immunology·R Medzhitov
Apr 16, 2002·Science·Ruslan Medzhitov, Charles A Janeway
Sep 5, 2002·Nature Reviews. Immunology·Martin F Flajnik
Sep 11, 2002·Seminars in Immunology·Peter D BurrowsMax D Cooper
Oct 22, 2002·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Werner E MayerMax D Cooper
Oct 23, 2002·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Tatiana Uinuk-OolJan Klein
Jan 29, 2003·FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·Samuel F Schluter, John J Marchalonis
Feb 28, 2003·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Tatsuya OtaChris T Amemiya
Apr 30, 2003·Nature Immunology·Sebastian D Fugmann, David G Schatz
Aug 12, 2003·Nature Immunology·Van-Thanh TaTasuku Honjo
Oct 2, 2003·Immunogenetics·Anthony W De Tomaso, Irving L Weissman
Dec 31, 2003·Trends in Immunology·Timo K van den BergGary W Litman
Mar 27, 2004·Developmental and Comparative Immunology·Holly L Saunders, Brad G Magor

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Apr 1, 2009·Archivum Immunologiae Et Therapiae Experimentalis·Willi K Born, Rebecca L O'Brien
Jul 24, 2010·Immunogenetics·Larry J DishawGary W Litman
Aug 12, 2009·Immunology and Cell Biology·Michele K Anderson, Jonathan P Rast
Nov 25, 2005·Nature·Anthony W De TomasoIrving L Weissman
Jan 24, 2007·Nature Immunology·Thomas Boehm, Conrad C Bleul
Nov 2, 2005·Nature Reviews. Immunology·Gary W LitmanLarry J Dishaw
Feb 24, 2006·Nature Reviews. Immunology·Thomas Boehm
Jun 25, 2008·Molecular Biology and Evolution·Takashi Makino, Aoife McLysaght
Feb 4, 2009·Nucleic Acids Research·Donna A MacDuffReuben S Harris
Mar 3, 2010·Annual Review of Immunology·Sidonia FagarasanKeiichiro Suzuki
Mar 23, 2006·Annual Review of Immunology·Zeev Pancer, Max D Cooper
Sep 4, 2010·BMC Genomics·Motoshige YasuikeBen F Koop
May 19, 2005·PLoS Biology·Vladimir V Kapitonov, Jerzy Jurka
Nov 3, 2012·Clinical & Developmental Immunology·Sean R StowellJeanne E Hendrickson
Jun 5, 2014·Immunogenetics·D N OlivieriF Gambón-Deza
Apr 7, 2011·Fish & Shellfish Immunology·Yong-An ZhangJ Oriol Sunyer
Dec 22, 2009·Seminars in Immunology·Cynthia Messier-SolekJonathan P Rast
May 6, 2008·Current Opinion in Immunology·Sidonia Fagarasan
Nov 9, 2007·Journal of Invertebrate Pathology·Marcos Tucunduva de Faria, José Roberto Machado Cunha da Silva
Nov 21, 2007·Seminars in Immunology·Janko Nikolich-Zugich
Jun 15, 2005·Scandinavian Journal of Immunology·L Du Pasquier
Mar 31, 2015·European Journal of Pharmacology·James McDaidPaulo N Martins
Jul 29, 2009·European Journal of Immunology·Joseph C Sun, Lewis L Lanier
Apr 21, 2006·Immunological Reviews·Tetsuya YamagataDiane Mathis
Nov 13, 2010·Immunology·Alexis E Marianes, Anastasia M Zimmerman
Jan 1, 2005·Immunology Letters·Victor Streltsov, Stewart Nuttall
Nov 4, 2004·Seminars in Immunology·Donna D EasonGary W Litman
Jul 11, 2006·Current Opinion in Chemical Biology·Arpita Mukhopadhyay, Randall T Peterson
May 16, 2006·Immunobiology·Pikul JiravanichpaisalKenneth Söderhäll
Apr 9, 2016·Developmental and Comparative Immunology·Nu ZhangYong-An Zhang
Apr 14, 2005·Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology·Sadaaki Iwanaga, Bok Luel Lee
May 20, 2015·Fish & Shellfish Immunology·Ximing GuoAude Jouaux
Feb 5, 2008·Yi chuan = Hereditas·Cen-Jie LiuQing-Wei Li

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.