The physical state of nafcillin sodium in frozen aqueous solutions and freeze-dried powders

Pharmaceutical Development and Technology
N Milton, S L Nail

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to develop a better understanding of the physical chemistry of freeze drying of lyotropic liquid crystals using nafcillin sodium as a model solute. Solutions and freeze-dried powders of nafcillin sodium were studied by polarized light microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, x-ray powder diffraction, and water vapor adsorption. Differential scanning calorimetry thermograms of nafcillin sodium solutions contain a melting endotherm at approximately -5.5 degrees C and, depending on the concentration and heating rate, a crystallization exotherm immediately after this endotherm followed by the melting endotherm of ice. When the sample is annealed at -4 degrees C, both the endotherm and exotherm are eliminated, and a new endotherm appears at approximately -1 degree C on the shoulder of the ice-melting endotherm. The data are interpreted as melting of a liquid crystalline phase, followed by crystallization. X-ray powder diffractograms of unannealed freeze-dried nafcillin sodium are consistent with a lamellar liquid crystal. Diffractograms of annealed freeze-dried nafcillin sodium indicate crystalline material which is a different crystal form than the monohydrate starting material. Moisture adsorpti...Continue Reading

References

Sep 1, 1977·Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences·M J PikalJ E Lang
Jan 1, 1982·Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences·J B Bogardus
Aug 1, 1994·Pharmaceutical Research·S L NailL L Nail

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Citations

Feb 3, 2009·Pharmaceutical Research·Akira TakadaMasakatsu Yonese
Jan 26, 2007·Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences·Ahmad M Abdul-FattahMichael J Pikal
Jan 25, 2012·Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences·Prakash SundaramurthiRaj Suryanarayanan
Jul 30, 2005·Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences·Cynthia L StevensonDavid Lechuga-Ballesteros
Sep 26, 2009·Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences·Faraj AtassiStephen R Byrn
Apr 14, 2016·Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews·Evgenyi ShalaevMarc Descamps
Dec 3, 1998·Pharmaceutical Development and Technology·R K Cavatur, R Suryanarayanan

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