The PI3K/AKT Pathway Is Activated by HGF in NT2D1 Non-Seminoma Cells and Has a Role in the Modulation of Their Malignant Behavior.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Luisa GesualdiAngela Catizone

Abstract

Overactivation of the c-MET/HGF system is a feature of many cancers. We previously reported that type II testicular germ cell tumor (TGCT) cells express the c-MET receptor, forming non-seminomatous lesions that are more positive compared with seminomatous ones. Notably, we also demonstrated that NT2D1 non-seminomatous cells (derived from an embryonal carcinoma lesion) increase their proliferation, migration, and invasion in response to HGF. Herein, we report that HGF immunoreactivity is more evident in the microenvironment of embryonal carcinoma biopsies with respect to seminomatous ones, indicating a tumor-dependent modulation of the testicular niche. PI3K/AKT is one of the signaling pathways triggered by HGF through the c-MET activation cascade. Herein, we demonstrated that phospho-AKT increases in NT2D1 cells after HGF stimulation. Moreover, we found that this pathway is involved in HGF-dependent NT2D1 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, since the co-administration of the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 together with HGF abrogates these responses. Notably, the inhibition of endogenous PI3K affects collective cell migration but does not influence proliferation or chemotactic activity. Surprisingly, LY294002 administered with...Continue Reading

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
biopsies
Flow Cytometry
scanning electron microscopy
confocal microscopy
optical microscopy
PCR
FACS
FCS
Assay
protein assay

Clinical Trials Mentioned

NCT01206270

Software Mentioned

- Elements Analysis D
Nikon Imaging Analytical Software
Leica confocal
Image [UNK] Touch
NIS
Sigma Plot
FCS Express
ImageJ

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