The predictive value of animal data in human cancer risk assessment

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology : RTP
J M MeijersL J Bloemen

Abstract

Carcinogenic effects of chemicals can be investigated in animal experiments and epidemiological studies of exposed humans, mostly in the workplace. In this article epidemiologic evidence is compared with the animal data for 35 chemicals. Risk calculations are compared for 22 chemicals. The chemicals showing no or unclear carcinogenic effects in humans were more likely to show toxic side effects in the animal studies, indicating that the test concentrations were above the maximum tolerated dose. In addition, the animal experiments with these chemicals more often showed neoplastic effects on multiple sites than chemicals for which clear positive epidemiological studies are available. These findings may explain the existence of discrepancies between the outcomes of animal testing and human studies. They suggest that carcinogenic effects in multiple organs in animals could be seen as ultimate manifestations of the side effects of the testing method and that they have limited predictive value for the human situation.

References

Dec 1, 1992·Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology : RTP·J M MeijersF Sturmans
Jun 19, 1992·Science·P H Abelson
Jan 1, 1989·American Journal of Industrial Medicine·H MuhleR Mermelstein
Aug 1, 1989·Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health·P GuénelE Lynge
Dec 1, 1988·Risk Analysis : an Official Publication of the Society for Risk Analysis·B C AllenA M Shipp
Aug 1, 1971·Archives of Environmental Health·S LaskinN Nelson
Sep 15, 1984·Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology·E P CronkiteR T Drew
Jul 1, 1982·Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology·W M SnellingsC P Laffoon

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Mar 9, 2006·Alternatives to Laboratory Animals : ATLA·Andrew KnightJonathan Balcombe
Mar 9, 2006·Alternatives to Laboratory Animals : ATLA·Andrew KnightJonathan Balcombe

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.