The Prevalence of Marginally Significant Results in Psychology Over Time

Psychological Science
Anton Olsson-CollentineChris H J Hartgerink

Abstract

We examined the percentage of p values (.05 < p ≤ .10) reported as marginally significant in 44,200 articles, across nine psychology disciplines, published in 70 journals belonging to the American Psychological Association between 1985 and 2016. Using regular expressions, we extracted 42,504 p values between .05 and .10. Almost 40% of p values in this range were reported as marginally significant, although there were considerable differences between disciplines. The practice is most common in organizational psychology (45.4%) and least common in clinical psychology (30.1%). Contrary to what was reported by previous researchers, our results showed no evidence of an increasing trend in any discipline; in all disciplines, the percentage of p values reported as marginally significant was decreasing or constant over time. We recommend against reporting these results as marginally significant because of the low evidential value of p values between .05 and .10.

References

Aug 3, 2005·PLoS Medicine·John P A Ioannidis
Apr 18, 2012·Psychological Science·Leslie K JohnDrazen Prelec
Sep 1, 2015·Science·UNKNOWN Open Science Collaboration
Oct 27, 2015·Behavior Research Methods·Michèle B NuijtenJelte M Wicherts
Mar 5, 2016·Science·Colin F CamererHang Wu
Apr 15, 2016·PeerJ·Chris H J HartgerinkMarcel A L M van Assen
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Citations

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Dec 17, 2021·Frontiers in Psychology·Christina ManouilidouCynthia K Thompson

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Software Mentioned

R Core Team
R package
R package rcrossref
R package statcheck
statcheck
R

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