The primary tumor is the primary source of metastasis in a human melanoma/SCID model. Implications for the direct autocrine and paracrine epigenetic regulation of the metastasis process

International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer
S SafariansS H Barsky

Abstract

Although previous autopsy and experimental studies had indicated that metastases can metastasize, the question of whether metastases from metastases increasingly contribute to the overall metastatic burden is crucial to the basic question of whether the metastatic process is more directly regulated by genetic or by epigenetic mechanisms. The highly metastatic human C8161 melanoma was transfected with either pSV2neo or pSV2hygro and clones of neo-C8161 and hyg-C8161 were injected intravenously and subcutaneously in SCID mice. In combination experiments, both the timing and size of inoculum of tumor cells were titrated to ensure that the hematogenously injected cells disseminated almost exclusively to the lungs and that the overall pulmonary burden was equal to the primary tumor. In s.c. injection experiments, no spontaneous metastases ever developed when the primary tumor was extirpated before it had grown to more then 0.5 cm in diameter. When the primary tumor approached 1 cm in diameter, widely-disseminated metastases developed within lungs, liver subcutaneous sites and other internal viscera. In the combination-injection experiments, while large numbers of both hematogenously and spontaneously metastatic clones were recovered...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 8, 2006·Oral Oncology·Vera Cavalcanti de AraújoNey Soares de Araújo
Dec 4, 2003·Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications·Sandrine FunesEric L Gustafson
Jun 8, 2001·International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer·C SugimotoS Matsukawa
Dec 9, 1997·The Journal of Pathology·S H BarskyS M Love
Jun 30, 2006·Journal of Mammary Gland Biology and Neoplasia·Sanford H Barsky, Nina J Karlin
Mar 8, 2006·Nature Clinical Practice. Oncology·Sanford H Barsky, Nina J Karlin
Dec 1, 2002·Nutrition Research Reviews·Donald B McCormick
Feb 6, 1999·International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer·I NodaH Saito

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