The purinergic P2X7 receptor as a potential drug target to combat neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases.

Medicinal Research Reviews
Francesco CalzaferriAntonio G García

Abstract

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) represent a huge social burden, particularly in Alzheimer's disease (AD) in which all proposed treatments investigated in murine models have failed during clinical trials (CTs). Thus, novel therapeutic strategies remain crucial. Neuroinflammation is a common pathogenic feature of NDDs. As purinergic P2X7 receptors (P2X7Rs) are gatekeepers of inflammation, they could be developed as drug targets for NDDs. Herein, we review this challenging hypothesis and comment on the numerous studies that have investigated P2X7Rs, emphasizing their molecular structure and functions, as well as their role in inflammation. Then, we elaborate on research undertaken in the field of medicinal chemistry to determine potential P2X7R antagonists. Subsequently, we review the state of neuroinflammation and P2X7R expression in the brain, in animal models and patients suffering from AD, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, and retinal degeneration. Next, we summarize the in vivo studies testing the hypothesis that by mitigating neuroinflammation, P2X7R blockers afford neuroprotection, increasing neuroplasticity and neuronal repair in animal models of NDDs. Finally, ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Apr 30, 2021·Frontiers in Pharmacology·Talita GlaserHenning Ulrich
May 15, 2021·Purinergic Signalling·Lin-Hua JiangSébastien Roger
Jun 3, 2021·Antioxidants·Carla Enrica GallengaPaolo Perri
Jun 1, 2021·Frontiers in Neurology·Marie J PietrowskiKevin Carvalho
Jul 3, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Ramona D'AmicoRosanna Di Paola
Jul 7, 2021·Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences·Shinji SakamotoAtsushi Kamiya
Aug 8, 2021·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Lucía ViejoCristóbal de Los Ríos

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