The REM sleep circuit and how its impairment leads to REM sleep behavior disorder

Cell and Tissue Research
Alex Iranzo

Abstract

REM sleep is characterized by rapid eye movements, desynchronized electroencephalographic activity, dreams and muscle paralysis that preclude the individual from acting out the action of dreams. REM sleep is generated and modulated by a complex and still poorly understood, neuronal network that involves multiple nuclei and neurotransmission systems. The key structures that generate REM sleep muscle paralysis are the subcoeruleus nucleus in the mesopontine tegmentum and the reticular formation of the ventral medial medulla. Using glutamatergic, GABAergic and glycinergic inputs, direct and indirect projections from these two areas inhibit the motoneurons of the spinal cord resulting in skeletal paralysis in REM sleep. Experimental studies in cats and rodents where the subcoeruleus nucleus and ventral medial medulla were impaired by electrolytic, pharmacological and genetic manipulations have repeatedly produced increased electromyography activity during REM sleep associated with abnormal motor behaviors (e.g., prominent twitching, attack-like behaviors). These animal models represent the pathophysiological substrate of REM sleep behavior disorder, a parasomnia in humans characterized by nightmares and abnormal vigorous behaviors ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 28, 2019·Movement Disorders : Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society·Tina MainkaChristos Ganos
Apr 24, 2020·Journal of Sleep Research·Paulo BugalhoMarcelo Mendonça
Aug 30, 2020·Sleep·Régis LopezYves Dauvilliers
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Apr 2, 2019·Rinshō shinkeigaku = Clinical neurology·Yoko FujiiMotoharu Ohi
Oct 9, 2020·Neurotherapeutics : the Journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics·José Rafael P Zuzuárregui, Emmanuel H During
Jan 28, 2021·Journal of Neural Transmission·Paulo BugalhoRita Ventura
Apr 16, 2021·European Neuropsychopharmacology : the Journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology·Alex Iranzo
May 15, 2021·Sleep Medicine Clinics·Alex IranzoSabela Novo
Sep 15, 2021·Journal of Neuroscience Research·Seok Jong ChungPhil Hyu Lee
Dec 23, 2021·Scientific Reports·Javier OltraCarme Junque

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
transgenic
biopsy

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