The representation of gravitational force during drawing movements of the arm

Experimental Brain Research
C PapaxanthisA Grishin

Abstract

The purpose of the present experiment was to study the way in which the central nervous system (CNS) represents gravitational force (GF) during vertical drawing movements of the arm. Movements in four different directions: (a) upward vertical (0 degrees), (b) upward oblique (45 degrees), (c) downward vertical (180 degrees) and (d) downward oblique (135 degrees), and at two different speeds, normal and fast, were executed by nine subjects. Data analysis focused upon arm movement kinematics in the frontal plane and gravitational torques (GTs) exerted around the shoulder joint. Regardless of movement direction, subjects showed straight-line paths for both speed conditions. In addition, movement time and peak velocity were not affected by movement direction and consequently changes in GT, for both speeds tested. Movement timing (evaluated through the ratio of acceleration time to total time) changed significantly, however, as a function of movement direction and speed. Upward movements showed shorter acceleration times when compared with downward movements. Concerning the four directions, movements made at 0 degrees and 45 degrees differed significantly from those made at 135 degrees and 180 degrees. Drawing movements executed at r...Continue Reading

Citations

Apr 19, 2005·Experimental Brain Research·Isaac KurtzerJames R Lackner
Mar 1, 2012·Experimental Brain Research·Enrico ChiovettoThierry Pozzo
Jun 23, 1999·Clinical Neurophysiology : Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology·G CheronB Dan
Dec 23, 2011·Journal of Motor Behavior·Tucker Tomlinson, Robert Sainburg
Oct 23, 2008·Biomedical Engineering Online·Hiroshi YamasakiHiroshi Nagasaki
Jul 19, 2011·PloS One·Jérémie Gaveau, Charalambos Papaxanthis
Dec 15, 2010·Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies·Nikolaos Strimpakos
Oct 24, 2014·Journal of Motor Behavior·Katrin Rapp, Herbert Heuer
Jan 17, 2007·Neuroscience·R GentiliC Papaxanthis
Feb 13, 2003·Experimental Brain Research·Charalambos PapaxanthisMarco Schieppati
Apr 17, 2003·Experimental Brain Research·Michel GuerrazJean-Louis Vercher
Nov 3, 2016·ELife·Jeremie GaveauCharalambos Papaxanthis
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Mar 13, 2020·Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience·Gabriel PoirierJeremie Gaveau
Nov 30, 2020·Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior·Frederic R DanionEli Brenner

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