The rewarding recovery study: a randomized controlled trial of incentives for alcohol and drug abstinence with a rural American Indian community.

Addiction
Michael G McDonellSterling McPherson

Abstract

To test if contingency management (CM) interventions for alcohol and drug abstinence were associated with increased alcohol and drug abstinence among American Indian adults with alcohol dependence who also use drugs. In this 2 × 2 factorial randomized controlled trial, American Indian adults with alcohol dependence who also used drugs were randomized to four conditions: (1) incentives for submission of urine samples only (control condition), (2) CM incentives for alcohol abstinence, (3) CM incentives for drug abstinence or (4) CM incentives for abstinence from both alcohol and drugs. A Northern Plains Reservation in the United States. A total of 114 American Indian adults aged 35.8 years (standard deviation = 10.4); 49.1% were male. Participants received incentives if they demonstrated abstinence from alcohol (CM for alcohol, n = 30), abstinence from their most frequently used drug (CM for drugs, n = 27) or abstinence from both alcohol and their most frequently used drug (CM for alcohol and drugs, n = 32) as assessed by urine tests. Controls (n = 25) received incentives for submitting urine samples only. Primary outcomes were urine ethyl glucuronide (alcohol) and drug tests conducted three times per week during the 12-week inte...Continue Reading

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