The role of astrocyte mitochondria in differential regional susceptibility to environmental neurotoxicants: tools for understanding neurodegeneration

Toxicological Sciences : an Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology
Laura L Kubik, Martin A Philbert

Abstract

In recent decades, there has been a significant expansion in our understanding of the role of astrocytes in neuroprotection, including spatial buffering of extracellular ions, secretion of metabolic coenzymes, and synaptic regulation. Astrocytic neuroprotective functions require energy, and therefore require a network of functional mitochondria. Disturbances to astrocytic mitochondrial homeostasis and their ability to produce ATP can negatively impact neural function. Perturbations in astrocyte mitochondrial function may accrue as the result of physiological aging processes or as a consequence of neurotoxicant exposure. Hydrophobic environmental neurotoxicants, such as 1,3-dinitrobenzene and α-chlorohydrin, cause regionally specific spongiform lesions mimicking energy deprivation syndromes. Astrocyte involvement includes mitochondrial damage that either precedes or is accompanied by neuronal damage. Similarly, environmental neurotoxicants that are implicated in the etiology of age-related neurodegenerative conditions cause regionally specific damage in the brain. Based on the regioselective nature of age-related neurodegenerative lesions, chemically induced models of regioselective lesions targeting astrocyte mitochondria can p...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 3, 2016·Environmental Science & Technology·Elisabet Fernández-RosasSocorro Vázquez-Campos
Sep 28, 2016·Frontiers in Neurology·Eliana BaezGeorge E Barreto
Nov 1, 2016·Neurotoxicity Research·Fiona D'MelloBrett A Neilan
Jun 18, 2017·Current Medicinal Chemistry·Claus DeslerLene Juel Rasmussen
Dec 13, 2018·Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience·Frédéric CasséNicolas Toni
Feb 26, 2020·European Psychiatry : the Journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists·Gerwyn MorrisBasant K Puri
Dec 2, 2019·Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy = Biomédecine & Pharmacothérapie·Jun-Ling Wang, Chao-Jin Xu
Feb 3, 2021·Neurochemical Research·Hung NguyenSelva Baltan
Nov 6, 2018·Neuroendocrinology·Cynthia Martin-JiménezGeorge E Barreto

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