PMID: 19924647Nov 20, 2009Paper

The role of cancer stem cells and the side population in epithelial ovarian cancer

Histology and Histopathology
Miranda Y Fong, Sham S Kakar

Abstract

Ovarian cancer is the most lethal cancer of the female reproductive tract, accounting for ~15,000 deaths per year according to the National Cancer Institute and American Cancer Society. This review article covers risk factors for the development of ovarian cancer, current detection strategies, prognostic markers, treatment strategies, etiology of tumorigenesis, and ovarian somatic stem cells. While the etiology of ovarian cancer is still unknown, several theories have been proposed as the mechanism of carcinogenesis. One theory states that the surface epithelium undergoing invagination and forming inclusion cysts that are exposed to growth factors and cytokines. The "gonadotropin theory" has also been proposed. Other reigning models for tumorigenesis include the stochastical model where a distinct population of cells acquires somatic mutations leading to metastasis, and the hierarchical model where the tumor is initiated by cancer stem cells (CSCs). CSCs isolated from primary tumors have the ability to regenerate the tumor and reconstitute the original tumor phenotype with as few as 100 cells. CSCs from ovarian carcinomas display the cell surface markers CD44+CD117+CD133+. CSCs are also thought to account for chemotherapy resis...Continue Reading

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