The Role of CD4 T Cell Memory in Generating Protective Immunity to Novel and Potentially Pandemic Strains of Influenza

Frontiers in Immunology
Anthony DiPiazzaAndrea J Sant

Abstract

Recent events have made it clear that potentially pandemic strains of influenza regularly pose a threat to human populations. Therefore, it is essential that we develop better strategies to enhance vaccine design and evaluation to predict those that will be poor responders to vaccination and to identify those that are at particular risk of disease-associated complications following infection. Animal models have revealed the discrete functions that CD4 T cells play in developing immune response and to influenza immunity. However, humans have a complex immunological history with influenza through periodic infection and vaccination with seasonal variants, leading to the establishment of heterogeneous memory populations of CD4 T cells that participate in subsequent responses. The continual evolution of the influenza-specific CD4 T cell repertoire involves both specificity and function and overlays other restrictions on CD4 T cell activity derived from viral antigen handling and MHC class II:peptide epitope display. Together, these complexities in the influenza-specific CD4 T cell repertoire constitute a formidable obstacle to predicting protective immune response to potentially pandemic strains of influenza and in devising optimal ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 27, 2018·Immunological Reviews·Andrea J SantKatherine A Richards
May 12, 2017·Clinical and Vaccine Immunology : CVI·Xin-Xing GuChristopher E Taylor
Dec 24, 2018·European Journal of Immunology·Xiaojuan HanFuping Zhang
Jul 6, 2020·International Journal of Immunogenetics·Kay PoultonBrendan Clark
Jan 9, 2019·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Marios KoutsakosKatherine Kedzierska
Mar 29, 2018·Vaccines·E Bridie ClemensSophie A Valkenburg
May 19, 2019·Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS·Manman DaiMing Liao
Jul 2, 2017·Clinical Science·S Rameeza Allie, Troy D Randall
Mar 4, 2021·Chinese Medical Journal·Shouxiong HuangLinfu Zhou

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