The role of CNS TLR2 activation in mediating innate versus adaptive neuroinflammation

Experimental Neurology
Avital LuzTamir Ben-Hur

Abstract

Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is expressed on immune cells in the periphery and the CNS and mediates both innate and adaptive immune responses. Recent studies have implicated TLR2 in systemic pathogenesis of adaptive immunity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In addition, TLR2 is expressed on oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and its activation inhibits their differentiation and myelination. We investigated the roles of CNS TLR2 activation in mediating neuro-inflammatory responses in intact versus EAE animals. We examined the effects of intra-cerebro-ventricular (ICV) injection of Zymosan, a TLR2 agonist, on naive versus EAE animals. The neuro-inflammatory response was characterized by immune-fluorescent staining for IBA-1+ microglia/macrophages and CD3+ T cells, and by semi-quantitative real time PCR for TLR2 and immune cytokines. The nature of the immune cells isolated from EAE brain tissue was assessed by their proliferative response to the PLP peptide autoantigen. Survival and clinical scores were monitored; demyelination and axonal loss were quantified by Gold-Black and Bielschowsky stains. Our findings showed that Zymosan injection in naïve mice induced a massive neuro-inflammatory response without any clin...Continue Reading

References

Apr 19, 2002·Brain : a Journal of Neurology·Christian Confavreux
Apr 19, 2002·Brain : a Journal of Neurology·D BuljevacR Q Hintzen
Jul 2, 2004·Nature Reviews. Immunology·Shizuo Akira, Kiyoshi Takeda
Jul 26, 2005·Trends in Immunology·Britta Engelhardt, Richard M Ransohoff
Nov 18, 2005·Nature·Chandrashekhar Pasare, Ruslan Medzhitov
Mar 18, 2006·The Journal of Clinical Investigation·Stephanie DillonBali Pulendran
Apr 27, 2007·European Journal of Immunology·Emma C SlackCaetano Reis e Sousa
Sep 7, 2007·Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology·Carolyn S JackJack P Antel
Dec 20, 2007·Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology·David L SchonbergDana M McTigue
Jan 19, 2008·European Journal of Immunology·Monica MartaAnna Lobell
Aug 19, 2008·Cytokine·Elaine F Kenny, Luke A J O'Neill
Oct 30, 2008·European Journal of Immunology·Kingston H G Mills
Sep 18, 2009·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·Monica Marta
Jun 11, 2010·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·J A SloaneT Vartanian
Sep 6, 2011·Journal of Neuroimmunology·M GambuzzaP Bramanti

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Blood Brain Barrier

The blood brain barrier is a border that separates blood from cerebrospinal fluid. Discover the latest search on this highly selective semipermeable membrane here.

Antifungals

An antifungal, also known as an antimycotic medication, is a pharmaceutical fungicide or fungistatic used to treat and prevent mycosis such as athlete's foot, ringworm, candidiasis, cryptococcal meningitis, and others. Discover the latest research on antifungals here.

Antifungals (ASM)

An antifungal, also known as an antimycotic medication, is a pharmaceutical fungicide or fungistatic used to treat and prevent mycosis such as athlete's foot, ringworm, candidiasis, cryptococcal meningitis, and others. Discover the latest research on antifungals here.

Brain developing: Influences & Outcomes

This feed focuses on influences that affect the developing brain including genetics, fetal development, prenatal care, and gene-environment interactions. Here is the latest research in this field.

Autoimmune Diseases

Autoimmune diseases occur as a result of an attack by the immune system on the body’s own tissues resulting in damage and dysfunction. There are different types of autoimmune diseases, in which there is a complex and unknown interaction between genetics and the environment. Discover the latest research on autoimmune diseases here.

Adult Stem Cells

Adult stem cells reside in unique niches that provide vital cues for their survival, self-renewal, and differentiation. They hold great promise for use in tissue repair and regeneration as a novel therapeutic strategies. Here is the latest research.

Blood Brain Barrier Chips

The blood brain barrier (BBB) is comprised of endothelial cells that regulate the influx and outflux of plasma concentrations. Lab-on-a-chip devices allow scientists to model diseases and mechanisms such as the passage of therapeutic antibodies across the BBB. Discover the latest research on BBB chips here.

Blood Brain Barrier & Cytokines

Some cytokines are able to cross the blood brain barrier through transport systems and enter the cerebrospinal fluid and interstitial fluid spaces. Here is the latest research on cytokines crossing the blood brain barrier and how this can affect tissues within the CNS.