The role of corticosteroids in the treatment of croup

Treatments in Respiratory Medicine
Kristine Kay Rittichier

Abstract

Since the 1960s, corticosteroids have been used in the treatment of laryngotracheobronchitis, commonly called croup. Initially, their use for croup was controversial and highly debated in the literature. The evidence over the last 2 decades has strongly favored corticosteroid use in croup management. It has now become the standard of care to use corticosteroids in moderate-to-severe croup. Corticosteroid use in these patients has been shown to reduce hospitalizations, length of illness, and subsequent treatments when compared with placebo. By extrapolation, corticosteroids may even play a role in patients with milder croup presenting for medical assessment. The current recommendation is to treat patients with moderate-to-severe croup with oral dexamethasone in a dose of 0.6 mg/kg (maximum 10-12 mg) because of its ease of administration, easy availability, and low cost. Intramuscular dexamethasone is reserved for patients who are vomiting or who are in severe respiratory distress and unable to tolerate oral medication. Nebulized budesonide, used commonly in some geographic locations, has been found to be effective, but is often not used in favor of the oral corticosteroids. Controversy still exists over the use of corticosteroid...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 28, 2009·European Journal of Pediatrics·Chien-Yu LinFu-Yuan Huang
Dec 17, 2010·European Journal of Paediatric Neurology : EJPN : Official Journal of the European Paediatric Neurology Society·Andreas Christoph JenkePeter Borusiak
Aug 18, 2009·Emergency Medicine Australasia : EMA·Milana Dobrovoljac, Gary C Geelhoed
Feb 14, 2006·Paediatric Respiratory Reviews·Dominic A Fitzgerald
Jul 12, 2014·Journal of Immunology Research·Miguel Ángel Galván MoralesMaría Eugenia Manjarrez Zavala
Apr 9, 2010·Pediatric Critical Care Medicine : a Journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies·Adebayo OshodiThomas L Miller
Jul 5, 2005·Pediatrics·Audrey O SegalRoss E G Upshur

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