The Role of Dissolved Oxygen Levels on Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Culture Success, Regulatory Compliance, and Therapeutic Potential

Stem Cells and Development
Soukaina BahsounElizabeth C Akam

Abstract

Most cells in the human body, including human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), have evolved to survive and function in a low physiological oxygen (O2) environment. Investigators have become increasingly aware of the effects of O2 levels on hMSC biology and culture and are mimicking the natural niche of these cells in vitro to improve cell culture yields. This presents many challenges in relation to hMSC identity and function and in the maintenance of a controlled O2 environment for cell culture. The aim of this review was to discuss an "hMSC checklist" as a guide to establishing which identity and potency assays to implement when studying hMSCs. The checklist includes markers, differentiation potential, proliferation and growth, attachment and migration, genomic stability, and paracrine activity. Evidence drawn from the current literature demonstrates that low O2 environments could improve most "hMSC checklist" attributes. However, there are substantial inconsistencies around both the terminology and the equipment used in low O2 studies. Therefore, "hypoxia" as a term and as a culture condition is discussed. The biology of short-term (acute) versus long-term (chronic) hypoxia is considered, and a nascent hypothesis to explain th...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 1, 2019·Journal of Translational Medicine·Soukaina BahsounElizabeth C Akam
Sep 19, 2019·Biotechnology and Bioengineering·Mikhael Hadida, David Marchat
Jul 16, 2020·Biotechnology and Bioengineering·Carola SchmitzAntonina Lavrentieva
Mar 4, 2021·American Journal of Physiology. Cell Physiology·Dimitrios I Zeugolis
Aug 28, 2021·Cells·Miriam Di MattiaBarbara Barboni

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