The Role of Endoscopy in the Diagnosis and Management of Cholangiocarcinoma

Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology
Ajaypal Singh, Uzma D Siddiqui

Abstract

Cholangiocarcinomas (CCAs) are associated with poor overall survival, and majority of the tumors are unresectable at the time of diagnosis. Early diagnosis at a resectable stage is essential for improved outcomes. Noninvasive imaging plays an important role in evaluating patients with biliary obstruction, but is limited due to the lack of tissue sampling and in many cases due to the absence of a mass, especially for extrahepatic CCAs. Endoscopic diagnosis is needed in majority of patients with CCA and the diagnostic yield depends on the tumor location as well as the expertise and experience of the endoscopist. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic ultrasound remain the most common endoscopic diagnostic tools although newer technologies including fluorescence in situ hybridization, single-operator cholangioscopy, confocal laser endomicroscopy, and intraductal ultrasound are being increasing used. Traditionally, the role of endoscopy has been mainly palliative and limited to biliary drainage in patients with obstructive jaundice, however, newer treatment options like photodynamic therapy and radiofrequency ablation have shown promise toward improved patient survival. Multidisciplinary approach that involve...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 29, 2016·Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology·Yuan LiuXiu-Jiang Yang
Nov 3, 2016·Endoscopic Ultrasound·Bo Sun, Bing Hu
Jan 26, 2018·Hepatic Oncology·Peter L LabibStephen P Pereira

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
biopsies
surgical resection
imaging techniques
flow cytometry
biopsy

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