The role of epigenetics in spermatogenesis

Turkish Journal of Urology
Sezgin Güneş, Tuba Kulaç

Abstract

Male germ cells have a unique morphology and function to facilitate fertilization. Sperm deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is highly condensed to protect the paternal genome during transfer from male to oocyte. Sperm cells undergo extensive epigenetic modifications during differentiation to become a mature spermatozoon. Epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and chromatin remodeling are substantial regulators of spermatogenesis. DNA hypermethylation is associated with gene silencing. Meanwhile, hypomethylation is associated with gene expression. In sperm cells, promoters of developmental genes are highly hypomethylated. Proper DNA methylation is essential for embryo development. Histone modifications are chemical modifications that change the DNA-binding capacity of histones and the accessibility of regulatory factors to the DNA, thereby altering gene expression. Phosphorylation, methylation, acetylation, and ubiquitination are primary modifications of lysine and serine residues on histone tails. In addition to somatic histones, testis-specific histone variants are expressed, including histone H2B in mature sperm. The replacement of histones with protamines is a crucial step in spermatogenesis. Hi...Continue Reading

Citations

Sep 19, 2018·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Caroline A AustinIan G Cowell
Apr 22, 2020·Andrologia·Sezgin Gunes, Sandro C Esteves
Apr 24, 2020·Andrologia·Manish KuchakullaRanjith Ramasamy
Apr 25, 2017·Molecular Reproduction and Development·Amir FattahiMohammad Nouri
Aug 23, 2018·Andrologia·Sezgin GunesRalf Henkel
Jul 9, 2020·Frontiers in Veterinary Science·Arumugam KumaresanJane M Morrell
Jul 15, 2020·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Kun TanMiles F Wilkinson
Jul 29, 2018·Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine·Kaimin GuoZhenmin Lei
Mar 20, 2021·Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry·Chithra LoganathanChidambaram Prahalathan

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