The Role of Functional Amyloids in Bacterial Virulence

Journal of Molecular Biology
Nani Van GervenHan Remaut

Abstract

Amyloid fibrils are best known as a product of human and animal protein misfolding disorders, where amyloid formation is associated with cytotoxicity and disease. It is now evident that for some proteins, the amyloid state constitutes the native structure and serves a functional role. These functional amyloids are proving widespread in bacteria and fungi, fulfilling diverse functions as structural components in biofilms or spore coats, as toxins and surface-active fibers, as epigenetic material, peptide reservoirs or adhesins mediating binding to and internalization into host cells. In this review, we will focus on the role of functional amyloids in bacterial pathogenesis. The role of functional amyloids as virulence factor is diverse but mostly indirect. Nevertheless, functional amyloid pathways deserve consideration for the acute and long-term effects of the infectious disease process and may form valid antimicrobial targets.

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
X-ray
infrared spectroscopy
circular
dynamic light scattering
environmental stresses
scanning electron microscopy
circular dichroism
atomic force microscopy
electron microscopy
AFM

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