PMID: 11912240Mar 26, 2002Paper

The role of glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase in nitrogen assimilation and possibilities for improvement in the nitrogen utilization of crops

Journal of Experimental Botany
Ben J Miflin, Dimah Z Habash

Abstract

This short review outlines the central role of glutamine synthetase (GS) in plant nitrogen metabolism and discusses some possibilities for crop improvement. GS functions as the major assimilatory enzyme for ammonia produced from N fixation, and nitrate or ammonia nutrition. It also reassimilates ammonia released as a result of photorespiration and the breakdown of proteins and nitrogen transport compounds. GS is distributed in different subcellular locations (chloroplast and cytoplasm) and in different tissues and organs. This distribution probably changes as a function of the development of the tissue, for example, GS1 appears to play a key role in leaf senescence. The enzyme is the product of multiple genes with complex promoters that ensure the expression of the genes in an organ- and tissue-specific manner and in response to a number of environmental variables affecting the nutritional status of the cell. GS activity is also regulated post-translationally in a manner that involves 14-3-3 proteins and phosphorylation. GS and plant nitrogen metabolism is best viewed as a complex matrix continually changing during the development cycle of plants. Along with GS, a number of other enzymes play key roles in maintaining the balanc...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 21, 2006·TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik·Dimah Z HabashSteve A Quarrie
Nov 15, 2011·Journal of Comparative Physiology. B, Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology·Neal J Dawson, Kenneth B Storey
Jun 11, 2011·Biological Trace Element Research·Xiaolan GongFashui Hong
Oct 24, 2012·Biological Trace Element Research·Guangrong HuangQing Zhou
Jul 1, 2008·Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants : an International Journal of Functional Plant Biology·Ahmad AliNandula Raghuram
Apr 16, 2005·Current Opinion in Biotechnology·Wim Van Camp
May 29, 2003·Journal of Insect Physiology·H ShinboC Hirayama
Feb 20, 2013·Biologie aujourd'hui·Anne Krapp, Loren Castaings
Apr 28, 2009·Journal of Experimental Botany·Roger Sylvester-Bradley, Daniel R Kindred
Dec 22, 2010·Journal of Experimental Botany·Stéphanie M SwarbreckDimah Z Habash
Nov 23, 2006·Plant Physiology·Matthew Peter Purnell, José Ramon Botella
Nov 15, 2011·Applied and Environmental Microbiology·Michael J TessaroManish N Raizada
Nov 24, 2007·BMC Genomics·Laurent G DelucGrant R Cramer

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