The role of granzyme B cluster proteases in cell-mediated cytotoxicity

Seminars in Immunology
C T Pham, T J Ley

Abstract

Granzymes are neutral serine proteases that are stored in the specialized lytic granules of cytotoxic lymphocytes. A mutation introduced into the granzyme B locus leads to a severe defect in the ability of cytotoxic lymphocytes to induce apoptosis in susceptible target cells, and reduces the severity of class I-dependent acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). However, granzyme B-independent cytotoxicity also exists: in CD8+ cells, most of it is perforin-dependent, but in CD4+ cells, the Fas system and an additional pathway are involved. The identification of these pathways and their physiological relevance may lead to new approaches for inhibiting cytotoxic lymphocyte functions.

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