The Role of Interleukin-18, Oxidative Stress and Metabolic Syndrome in Alzheimer's Disease

Journal of Clinical Medicine
Johanna O Ojala, Elina M Sutinen

Abstract

The role of interleukins (ILs) and oxidative stress (OS) in precipitating neurodegenerative diseases including sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD), requires further clarification. In addition to neuropathological hallmarks-extracellular neuritic amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) containing hyperphosphorylated tau and neuronal loss-chronic inflammation, as well as oxidative and excitotoxic damage, are present in the AD brain. The pathological sequelae and the interaction of these events during the course of AD need further investigation. The brain is particularly sensitive to OS, due to the richness of its peroxidation-sensitive fatty acids, coupled with its high oxygen demand. At the same time, the brain lack robust antioxidant systems. Among the multiple mechanisms and triggers by which OS can accumulate, inflammatory cytokines can sustain oxidative and nitrosative stress, leading eventually to cellular damage. Understanding the consequences of inflammation and OS may clarify the initial events underlying AD, including in interaction with genetic factors. Inflammatory cytokines are potential inducers of aberrant gene expression through transcription factors. Susceptibility disorders for AD, including obesity,...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 29, 2017·Antioxidants·Miriam Martínez-HuélamoRafael de la Torre
May 29, 2018·Reviews in the Neurosciences·Ghazaleh KheiriNima Rezaei
Jan 9, 2020·The International Journal of Neuroscience·Maria Bandookwala, Pinaki Sengupta
May 22, 2018·Journal of Alzheimer's Disease : JAD·Zhiyou CaiQin Li
Sep 2, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Natasha IrreraFrancesco Squadrito
Oct 8, 2020·Journal of Neuroinflammation·Shaghayegh SadeghmousaviNima Rezaei
Oct 27, 2020·Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience·Alena MichalicovaAndrej Kovac
Apr 7, 2021·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·Suzhao LiCharles A Dinarello

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