The Role of Lexical Status and Individual Differences for Perceptual Learning in Younger and Older Adults

Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research : JSLHR
Sarah ColbyShari Baum

Abstract

This study examined whether older adults remain perceptually flexible when presented with ambiguities in speech in the absence of lexically disambiguating information. We expected older adults to show less perceptual learning when top-down information was not available. We also investigated whether individual differences in executive function predicted perceptual learning in older and younger adults. Younger (n = 31) and older adults (n = 27) completed 2 perceptual learning tasks composed of a pretest, exposure, and posttest phase. Both learning tasks exposed participants to clear and ambiguous speech tokens, but crucially, the lexically guided learning task provided disambiguating lexical information whereas the distributional learning task did not. Participants also performed several cognitive tasks to investigate individual differences in working memory, vocabulary, and attention-switching control. We found that perceptual learning is maintained in older adults, but that learning may be stronger in contexts where top-down information is available. Receptive vocabulary scores predicted learning across both age groups and in both learning tasks. Implicit learning is maintained with age across different learning conditions but ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Apr 27, 2019·Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research : JSLHR·Sarah ColbyShari Baum
Dec 17, 2019·Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research : JSLHR·Rachel M TheodoreStephen Graham
Feb 20, 2021·Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research : JSLHR·Nikole Giovannone, Rachel M Theodore
Jul 10, 2021·The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·Rebecca E BieberSandra Gordon-Salant

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