The role of negative interpretations of intrusive memories in depression

Journal of Affective Disorders
Susannah Starr, Michelle L Moulds

Abstract

Recent investigations have shown that intrusive memories of negative past events, the hallmark symptom of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), are also commonly experienced in depression. This study explored whether Ehlers and Steil's [Ehlers, A., Steil, R., 1995. Maintenance of intrusive memories in posttraumatic stress disorder: a cognitive approach. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 23, 217-249] model of PTSD maintenance, which focuses on the role played by negative interpretations of intrusive symptoms in the persistence of PTSD, also describes processes that operate in depression. Eighty-four undergraduate students were interviewed to identify the presence of intrusive memories in the previous week. Participants who reported an intrusive memory were administered self-report questionnaires that indexed cognitive and affective responses to the memory. Negative interpretations of intrusive memories were significantly correlated with cognitive avoidance (particularly rumination) and depression severity, after controlling for intrusion frequency and severity of memory content. Negative meaning was the strongest predictor of depression, explaining variance over and above intrusion frequency. Ruminative responses to intru...Continue Reading

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